南海西北部89PC柱样沉积物中浮游有孔虫特征及其古环境意义     

李小艳  翦知湣  石学法  陈志华  程振波  吴永华  石丰登 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2009,(3)

对南海北部89PC柱状样进行了浮游有孔虫定量统计分析、氧碳同位素测试、碳酸钙含量分析和AMS14C测年,并采用古生态转换函数计算了表层海水古温度和温跃层深度,揭示了该海区约127 ka以来的古海洋学特征。温跃层转换函数计算的温跃层深度结果表明,在MIS5-MIS4期,温跃层深度没有大的变化,在MIS3-MIS1期,温跃层的深度逐渐变深。古温度转换函数计算的古温度结果表明,夏季温度的变化范围为27.9~29.3℃,变化幅度为1.4℃,冬季温度变化范围为20.6~26.3℃,变化幅度为5.7℃。与南海南部的冬夏古水温资料进行对比,南海南部的温度比南海北部的温度要高,这种差异在冬季时表现更为突出,且在冰期时南海南部和北部的温度差异梯度进一步增大,指示了冰期时冬季风更加强盛。  相似文献   

Ontogenetic and gender-modulated behavioural rhythms in the deep-water decapods Liocarcinus depurator (Brachyura: Portunidae), Munida tenuimana and Munida intermedia (Anomura: Galatheidae)     

Jacopo Aguzzi  Joan Baptista Company  & José Antonio García 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(1):93-105

The regulation and expression of biological rhythms with respect to sex and ontogeny in deep-water benthic decapod crustaceans constitutes an exciting field in marine biology that is far from understood. Liocarcinus depurator , Munida intermedia and Munida tenuimana are ecologically key crustacean decapod species of the Atlantic and Mediterranean shelves and slopes, and their activity rhythms in the field are poorly known. Our aim was to measure the behavioural rhythms of these species, while at the same time defining their type of displacement ( i.e. endobenthic, nektobenthic or benthopelagic). Whether gender and ontogeny modulate the rhythmic behaviour of these decapods is unknown, and we sought to clarify this issue. A temporally scheduled series of trawl hauls and light intensity measures was performed on the western Mediterranean shelf (100–110 m depth) and slope (400–430 m), close to the autumn equinox and the summer solstice. The sex and the size of animals in the catches were analysed. Catch patterns were evaluated through waveform and periodogram analyses. Liocarcinus depurator was captured at night on the shelf, whereas on the slope, animals displayed peaks both in the middle of the day and night. Size-related differences (but no gender differences) were found in its rhythmic behaviour, possibly due to intra-specific competition ( e.g. fighting) between juveniles and adults. Munida intermedia were weakly diurnal in October and both diurnal and nocturnal in June. Munida tenuimana presented no discernible rhythmicity in October, but was nocturnal in June. Both species showed no evident sex or size modulation of their behaviour. Data were interpreted assuming that all tested species present an endobenthic behaviour ( i.e. animals emerge from the substrate during the active phase of their behavioural cycle).  相似文献   

The planktonic food web of the Bizerte lagoon (south-western Mediterranean) during summer: I. Spatial distribution under different anthropogenic pressures     

Asma Sakka Hlaili  Boutheina Grami  Nathalie Niquil  Michel Gosselin  Dominique Hamel  Marc Troussellier  Hassine Hadj Mabrouk 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The structure and the trophic interactions of the planktonic food web were investigated during summer 2004 in a coastal lagoon of south-western Mediterranean Sea. Biomasses of planktonic components as well as bacterial and phytoplankton production and grazing by microzooplankton were quantified at four stations (MA, MB, MJ and R) inside the lagoon. Station MA was impacted by urban discharge, station MB was influenced by industrial activity, station MJ was located in a shellfish farming sector, while station R represented the lagoon central area. Biomasses and production rates of bacteria (7–33 mg C m⁻³; 17.5–35 mg C m⁻³ d⁻¹) and phytoplankton (80–299 mg C m⁻³; 34–210 mg C m⁻³ d⁻¹) showed high values at station MJ, where substantial concentrations of nutrients (NO₃⁻ and Si(OH)₄) were found. Microphytoplankton, which dominated the total algal biomass and production (>82%), were characterized by the proliferation of several chain-forming diatoms. Microzooplankton was mainly composed of dinoflagellates (Torodinium, Protoperidinium and Dinophysis) and aloricate (Lohmaniellea and Strombidium) and tintinnid (Tintinnopsis, Tintinnus, Favella and Eutintinnus) ciliates. Higher biomass of these protozoa (359 mg C m⁻³) was observed at station MB, where large tintinnids were encountered. Mesozooplankton mainly represented by Calanoida (Acartia, Temora, Calanus, Eucalanus, Paracalanus and Centropages) and Cyclopoida (Oithona) copepods, exhibited higher and lower biomasses at stations MA/MJ and MB, respectively. Bacterivory represented only 35% of bacterial production at stations MB and R, but higher fractions (65–70%) were observed at stations MA and MJ. Small heterotrophic flagellates and aloricate ciliates seemed to be the main controllers of bacteria. Pico- and nanophytoplankton represented a significant alternative carbon pool for micrograzers, which grazing represented 67–90% of pico- and nano-algal production in all stations. Microzooplankton has, however, a relatively low impact on microphytoplankton, as ≤45% of microalgal production was consumed in all stations. This implies that an important fraction of diatom production would be channelled by herbivorous meso-grazers to higher consumers at stations MA and MJ where copepods were numerous. Most of the microalgal production would, however, sink particularly at station MB where copepods were scare. These different trophic interactions suggest different food web structures between stations. A multivorous food web seemed to prevail in stations MJ and MA, whereas microbial web was dominant in the other stations.  相似文献   

乐清湾口海域春秋季甲壳动物的群落结构特征研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

夏陆军  周青松  俞存根  宋伟华  郑基  毕耜瑶  谢旭  李德伟  叶深 《海洋科学》2016,40(10):33-42

根据2012年春季和10月在乐清湾口海域开展渔业资源调查所获甲壳动物资料,对乐清湾口海域的甲壳动物的种类组成、优势种、物种数量分布、生物多样性和群落结构相似性等群落结构特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出34种甲壳动物,隶属于2目17科23属,春季优势种仅有三疣梭子蟹1种,秋季为日本、口虾蛄、中华管鞭虾、三疣梭子蟹4种,两季优势种更替较显著;秋季物种数较春季丰富,调查水域中心区域物种数较多;秋季甲壳动物生物多样性指数高于春季;甲壳动物群落结构与海洋环境密切相关。乐清湾口海域的甲壳动物以季节性的广温低盐种类为主,该海域位于河口,受瓯江径流影响较大;春季受瓯江径流淡水水团影响,物种较少,而秋季受交汇水团影响,物种丰富;春秋季组内并无明显规律,地形、水深和水系等外部因素对甲壳动物群落结构影响较大。  相似文献   

海洋浮游纤毛虫摄食研究综述   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张武昌  陈雪  李海波  王超锋  梁晨  张珊  肖天 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):276-289

海洋浮游纤毛虫是海洋微食物环的重要组成部分,同时也是连接海洋微食物环和经典食物链的重要环节。研究海洋浮游纤毛虫的摄食情况对了解海洋浮游纤毛虫在海洋浮游生态系统物质循环和能量流动中的作用有重要意义。主要研究内容包括纤毛虫的食性、纤毛虫对不同饵料的摄食强度(摄食率、清滤率)和选择性、影响摄食的因素及摄食后的同化和排遗。海洋浮游纤毛虫食性的研究方法主要有两种,分别为体内饵料颗粒法和维持生长法。实验室内估算纤毛虫摄食率和清滤率主要有两种方法,分别为饵料浓度差减法和体内饵料颗粒增多法。可以用特定体积清滤率和特定生物量摄食率来比较不同种纤毛虫的清滤率和摄食率。已有研究结果表明,纤毛虫的饵料包括较小的纤毛虫、硅藻、甲藻、鞭毛虫、聚球藻、原绿球藻和细菌等。纤毛虫的摄食率范围为0.1—920 cells/(ciliate h),清滤率范围为0—110μL/(ciliate h)。纤毛虫对饵料的粒径和化学性质均有选择性。饵料浓度、温度、光线、扰动以及纤毛虫所处的生长阶段都会对纤毛虫的摄食率产生影响。不同种类纤毛虫对不同种类饵料的同化率(67%—79%)和消化时间(13.7 min—24 h)不同。  相似文献   

Potential Use of Biomarkers in Zooplankton as Early Warning Signals of Ecotoxicological Risk in the Marine Food Chain     

Roberta Minutoli  Maria Cristina Fossi  Letterio Guglielmo 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):291-296

Abstract. Zooplankton is an essential component of the marine and brackish food chains. The ecotoxicological risk of zooplanktonic communities, estimated by the modern methodological approach of biomarkers, can be used as an early warning signal of ecosystem health. The aim of this project is to estimate the potential use of several biomarkers (esterases, mixed function oxidases, porphyrins) in zooplanktonic organisms. Studies were carried out with different zooplanktonic crustaceans: the copepods Acartia margalefi and Acartia latisetosa collected in Ganzirri Lake (Messina); the mysid Siriella clausi collected in Faro Lake (Messina); the mysids Diamysis bahirensis, Siriella armata and Mysidopsis gibbosa collected in Stagnone di Marsala (Palermo); the Antarctic euphausiids Euphausia crystallorophias and Euphausia superba; the am-phipod Streetsia challengeri and the euphausiid Meganycthiphanes norvegica collected after a shore-stranding along Messina's Ionian coast. Moreover, experiments were carried out with the benthic decapods Eriphia verrucosa and Pachygrapsus marmoratus from a rocky shore of Messina's Ionian coast. Acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was determined in homogenates of whole organisms. The key result of this project concerns the different AChE activity basal values of different crustacean species. Particular attention should be paid to the difference in basal activity found between the Antarctic and the Mediterranean species.  相似文献   

Survival of decapod crustaceans discarded in the Nephrops fishery of the Clyde Sea area, Scotland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bergmann  M.; Moore  P. G. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(1):163-171

  相似文献   

在IONESS系统中浮游介形类的昼夜垂直移动   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钱鲁闽  焦念志  林景宏  陈瑞祥 《海洋学报》2004,26(5):123-131

根据IONESS系统对浮游动物的分层采样结果,研究浮游介形动物的昼夜垂直移动.浮游介形类存在着整个类群的昼夜垂直移动,白天其丰度最大值记录于200～300m层,并往上层水域递减,而夜间则明显往上层密集,丰度最大值提升至50～100m层;就物种多样性而言,由于工作水层(0～1000m)以深水层的众多种类于夜间上升至1000m以浅水层,导致工作水层内总种数由白天的49种剧增至夜间的78种,增幅达60%,各分层的种类数都有较明显的增加,750～1000m层的增幅最大,达150%,其次为50～100m层(增幅达125%);各种浮游介形类有不同的昼夜垂直移动模式,但绝大多数种类属于夜间上升型,少数种类属于不敏感类型,极少数种类却具夜间下降的移动特点.浮游介形类虽具明显的昼夜垂直移动,但这一变动往往局限于一定水深范围,从而反映出介形类的层状分布特点,可划分为广深分布型、上层分布型、中层分布型和下层分布型.  相似文献   

赤道西太平洋暖池中更新世过渡期的古海洋变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

金海燕  翦知湣  成鑫荣 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(6):71-80

通过对大洋钻探(ODP)第130航次807站A孔上部约25 m样品中所含浮游有孔虫的定量统计和鉴定,结合转换函数及稳定同位素分析,揭示了第四纪近1.6 Ma以来冰期旋回中赤道西太平洋的表层海水温度和温跃层深度的变化,为研究西太平洋暖池的变动提供了重要依据。研究表明,西太平洋暖池冬季表层海水温度在第四纪的冰期旋回中变化幅度超过了5℃,而温跃层深度自1.6 Ma以来有所变浅,进一步论证了西太平洋暖池的不稳定性。通过对暖池区和南海及赤道东太平洋的比较,发现南海南部和暖池的海水在第四纪具有较好的连通性,而南海北部则受季风控制影响较大;同时,赤道东、西太平洋及南海,自1.6 Ma以来温跃层深度都有不同程度的变浅。研究中发现中更新世过渡期(MPT)在许多古海洋学指标中都是一条重要的分界线,以此为界,对0~0.9和0.9~1.6 Ma两个时间段的暖池冬季表层海水温度、表层与次表层种浮游有孔虫氧同位素差值与地球轨道参数ETP分别作交叉频谱分析,结果显示暖池在响应全球气候转型的同时也表现出了低纬特有的热带气候变化的特征。  相似文献   

福建深沪湾浮游桡足类的分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗冬莲  黄美珍 《台湾海峡》2002,21(4):463-463

根据1998年5、9月福建省深沪湾环境综合调查所采的浮游生物样品，对该湾桡足类的种类组成及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析研究。结果表明：桡足类已鉴定到种的有28种，划分为4个生态类群，以沿岸类群为主。其优势种为驼背隆哲水蚤（Acrocalanus gibber)、太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica)、瘦尾胸刺水蚤（Centropages tenuiremis) 和近缘大眼剑水蚤（Corycaeus affinis)等。5月份的桡足类个体数比9月份的高，其数量与浮游植物细胞数呈正相关（除S4站外）关系。湾顶和梅林附近海域基础饵料丰富，是鱼类索饵的良好场所。  相似文献